Understanding the Basics of Sound Equipment
To the average listener, understanding the components of their speaker system may seem irrelevant; as long as sound’s coming out, that’s all that matters. However, when trying to create the ideal audio experience, understanding the varying types of speakers and their unique purposes will come in handy. The first thing to understand is what a speaker actually is: A speaker is an electro-acoustic transducer, which means that it works to convert an electrical signal, one form of energy, into sound, another form of energy. Essentially, an electronic pulse is carried through a membrane which propagates the pulse through another medium, such as water or air, in order to create sound. This basic concept behind all speakers will help when trying to understand the varying types.
The second part of a the speaker that is essential to understand is the driver. This is the term used for the main part of the speaker that is responsible for creating the sound. The driver’s output a specific range of frequencies based on their construction, and are generally limited to three octaves. This is why there is a need for audio-specific speakers, which are combined to create a full range of sound. There are wide-range drivers that are capable of more than three octaves, although keeping the drivers specific to a range of sound is arguably the only way to create a clean, crisp output.
The main drivers are categorized by the frequency they are created to output. Subwoofers and woofers will generally create the very low to low frequency sounds. These drivers are responsible for thumping bass notes and other low frequency instruments and sounds. Mid-range is self explanatory: It takes care of basic middle ranges of sounds. Next comes tweeters and and supertweeters, which output the high to very high range. The system’s crossover is used to direct the different electrical currents to each specific speaker, allowing for the rich sounds to combine for a complete audio experience.
It is important to understand that not every system requires all these speakers. For example, an adequate range of frequencies can be created using a woofer for the low sounds, a tweeter for the high sounds, and the two combined for mid-range sounds. This is why simple computer speakers will still be able to have a seemingly full range of frequency. However, that audio experience is still incomparable to surround sound, with its full range of frequency-specific speakers that allow for a rich audio experience. Understanding the specific use of each speaker will help when trying to create a surround sound experience in a car or at home, regardless of how many drivers will be used.